Since the creation of the original Model Indian Juvenile Code, much has changed in the field of juvenile justice. In recent years, research has shown that adolescent brains develop later in life than previously thought, and common approaches to juvenile justice in the United States are often ineffective or, even worse, may actually increase juvenile delinquency rates. Researchers, youth advocates, and policy makers have therefore urged a move away from punitive models of juvenile justice, in favor of restorative approaches that seek to maintain accountability and community safety while focusing on the rehabilitation of children who have committed delinquent acts.